An Unstable Backbone Can Obstruct The Re Establishment Of...

An unstable backbone can obstruct the re-establishment of public services in any given case; infrastructural problems are common in both the agencies and the state; and they can occur because the supporting foundations are weak and scattered. A common occurrence is a state s’ hopes to fix several problems at a time. During the 2006 International AIDS conference, President Bill Clinton stated: If you first develop the health infrastructure throughout the whole country, particularly in Africa, to deal with AIDS you will increase the infrastructure of dealing with maternal and child health, malaria, and TB. Then I think you have to look at nutrition, water, and sanitation. All these things, when you build it up, you ll be helping to promote economic development and alleviate poverty. (Garrett 2010) However, existent cases of successful health care establishment have not proven economic development, like the case of Haiti in 2006, who despite combatting HIV, plummeted economically during the same period of time. (Garrett 2010)The reason why healthcare does not equal economic progress or poverty alleviation is because other conditions can still remain existent: lack of cooperative government, lack of absorptive capacity and corruption. Although, health and economy shall not be developed independently, one is not the causality of the other, health shall progress with â€Å"early detection of disease and education in principles of healthy living† (Beaglehole and Bonita 1997, 211)Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook

H.B. Fuller Case Study Substance Abuse in the Street...

Running head: H.B FULLER IN HONDURAS CASE STUDY: H.B. FULLER IN HONDURAS: sTREET CHILDREN AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE MBA 5211: Organizational Ethics CASE STUDY: H.B. FULLER IN HONDURAS: sTREET CHILDREN AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE Organizations are continually faced with ethical dilemmas. Though each dilemma may vary in degree of impact they will have on a company, it is essential that a company establish a wise solution to the problem. As we have gathered from this course, there are a large variety of views and theories on how to address these problems in the most ethical way. In this paper I will discuss the H.B. Fuller case in Honduras: Street children and drug abuse and examine the ethical challenges the company was presented with. I†¦show more content†¦He tried to contact and work with the government about the issues, but the political figure he was working with retired before he could help Kativo’s case. Meanwhile, five congressmen had drafted a â€Å"proposed law that required the use of oil of mustard in locally produced or imported solvent based adhesives†. On March 30, 1989, their request was appr oved by the Honduran Congress. Beto continued to argue that this would not only not solve the drug addiction problem, it would slow down the country’s development. (Donaldson, 2008) During this time H.B. Fuller headquarters in the U.S. had received letters from concerned stockholders asking if the company was aware of the issue of glue sniffing in Honduras, and how they were dealing with it. Ultimately, they wanted to know how a company with a respectable business philosophy could let something like this happen. This pushed the Vice President of Corporate Relations, Dick Johnson, and the Director of Community Affairs, Karen Muller, to travel to Honduras and assess the situation first hand. Their findings were congruent with what Beto had been communicating to them, removing the product from the market would not fix the problem. Their solution was to focus on community relations. In 1988, the National Commission for Technical Assistance to Children in Irregular Situation s (CONATNSI) began working on improving community relations. H.B. Fuller felt a community

International Relations Is A State Centric Discipline Essay

International Relations is a state centric discipline that contends with global concerns and foreign affairs amongst the states within the international arena. As the 21st century progressed rapidly, the relationship among states has changed considerably whereby small states in all continents have become a focal point in the international system. Since the days of the Cold War the impact between the small states and the great powers have been a precarious one whereby the great powers kept majority of the small states in the shadows; until now where they have begun to evolve and build their influence in the global world. The voice of the small states became onerous to achieve when the intergovernmental agreements and the economic paradigms were customarily based on the interest of authoritative states. Today, several of the small state actors in the global arena are considered to the most outstanding players in the world; nation states like Slovenia, Catalonia, Luxembourg and Bahrain. The fundamental dynamics of the development of small states in the international system is as a consequence of democracy growth provoked by the introduction of technological advancement due to globalization, communications, infrastructure and trade along with the social transformations shaped by enterprise operations globally. It is an expectation that small states can play a pivotal role in the expansion of a new era through which the international system is revolutionizing to the assistance ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Structural Realism and Non-State Actors1137 Words   |  5 Pages9/11 has weakened the state-centric framework of the international system and challenged the structural realist’s conception of power. As one of the major theories, one would assume that the premises of structural realism would be more applicable in the 21st century. 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The Three Advancements of Globalization - 1058 Words

Globalization and its Impact Globalization by definition means the tendency of business, technologies or philosophies to spread around the world, or the process of making this happened. Globalization depends on three keys of advancement, the role of human migration, international trade and rapid movements of capital. Globalization has many pros but yet also many cons that can have a deciding factor in an economy. Many people think globalization still favors the rich and it’s a detriment to countries who emerging in the world and does not have a stable or great economy. According to Bloomberg Business Week Globalization has said to have hit its peak in the year 2007, which ties into the unfolding of the Global crisis. Some Critics and†¦show more content†¦An article written in the Bloomberg business week talks about Globalization hit its peak in 2007. The article is states that globalization is done and emerging economies are catching up to the developed economies. T he Article reports that financial flows went into a steep decline when the global financial crisis hit in 2008 and still haven’t recovered, according to the new report by the McKinsey Global Institute. (Globalizations Peak Year Was 2007). The emerged markets are finding However an Article on the website Bloomberg view talks about how Globalization still favors the rich rather than the poor or an equal spread. In a Study McKinsey Co. management consultancy which studies global flows between countries in 2012 global flows hit 26 trillion which is 36 percent of global domestic product (Globalization Still Favors the Rich). The article also states that only the top ten developed countries received most of the benefits. However the article does say that since the 1990’s that emerging economies account for more of the global shares than ever. Nevertheless the quality and trend of these flows, matters more than their size and these are, for now, in favor of the developed world. 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The Philosophy of Supply Chain Management i free essay sample

With the vast development of internet technology, there is a tremendous development in the supply chain management and traditional SCM has been transformed into e-SCM. So the new economic system is largely based on the information technology. Based on a huge implementation of Information Technology foundations for the New Economy are laid. D. Tapscott gave 12 principles of the New Economy. A continuous process of adaptation is required to these processes to meet evolving consumers’ needs. New principles of operation are applied by new economy enterprises. Within the Time Based Management an ever-increasing effectiveness is guaranteed in the implementation of the Internet. Physical, informational and financial flows are present on the logistics pipeline. Virtual organizations are treated as production systems used to create products and satisfy customers’ needs. These virtual organizations utilize a concrete supply that is input and output to satisfy the needs and ensure expected profit. Users, telecommunications businesses and suppliers are the three groups of enterprises that utilize Internet infrastructure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philosophy of Supply Chain Management i or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They offer a wide variety of services to both traditional and virtual enterprises, which is based on the ‘5C’. Based on the flow of goods and services the created virtual chain is connected with traditional supply chain. The synergy effect of traditional business solutions and Internet technology applications are the two specific characteristics of the supply chain functioning. The utilizations of the resources and advantages of e-SCM can be directly related to the term called â€Å"Net Readiness† (NR) described by the employees of Cisco which means that the ability of the existing enterprise to adapt to new technologies and conduct their activities using the web. NR evaluation chart is the main NR research tool, which describes the level of involvement of an enterprise in e-business solutions. In relation to the best representative in its group it enables the position of the enterprise to be determined. Enterprises are divided into five groups: Internet visionary, Internet expert, Internet savvy, Internet aware, Internet agnostic. Modern supply chains have many advantages, but they have threats resulting from characteristics of e-economy. Due to a world-wide economic stratification and a clear division into digital civilization and outsiders limits in new opportunities can be noticed. Due to the e-businesses in the new economy, the society is evolving into information society and a lot of innovative techniques which saves time are being implemented which adds value to the production and customer service.

Finance Managerial dividend paying incentive - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss abourt the Finance Managerial dividend paying incentive. Answer: Introduction: Financial management is a stream of management which makes it easy for the company to analyze, evaluate and determine the required changes for the betterment of the organization. The financial management assist the company to choose the best project and make better decision about the operations and the activities of the company. On the other hand, financial evaluation techniques also assist the stakeholder of the company to make better choices about the position of the company. Financial evaluation helps the company to manage and evaluate the better companies for the purpose of investment and it also helps them to evaluate that what is the exact performance of the company and in the industry. Financial evaluation involves various techniques such as IRR, NPV, Ratio analysis, vertical analysis, WACC, required rate of return, cost of debt etc. Company description: Pacific Energy Limited is an Australian company. This company is operating its business into Australian utility industry in which it develops, builds, manages and operates electricity generation facilities in the Australian market. On the date of 11 Sept, 2017, this company has operated and owned 21 diesel, gas, power stations and duel filled power minerals along with the total power generation capacity which is approximately about 272 MW. Headquarter of the company is Landsdale, Australia. Currently, the company is operating very well in the industry and the projects of the company are also attractive. Ownership governance structure: Further, the governance structure of the company has also been investigated and it has been found that what the main people of the company and who are chief shareholders of the company are (Brealey, Myers and Marcus, 2007). This study explains about the board of members and the people who have more than 20% stake in the stock of the company. Following is the detail about me: Substantial stakeholders: Substantial stakeholders are those person who has their stock in an entity and invests the most in the company, through the annual report of the company, it has been found that the Sept Pty Ltd Hall Family Fund A/C is the main stakeholders of the company and it has around 47.73% stock in the company. Further, it expresses that the other stakeholder of the company is Pacific Road Holdings S.A.R.L. which owns 18.34% in the companys stock. It explains that there are only one people in company who owns more than 20% stock but there are 3 people who have more than 5% shares. Main people: Further, the main people such as CEO, CFO, managing director, executive directors etc have been investigated and it has been found that the M Chiff Lawrenson is the independent non executive chairman of the company and he is handling all the financial activities of the company. Further the James D D Cullen is the CFO of the company and he is also managing director of the company. Kenneth J Hall is the executive director of the company. Though, none of them has more than 5% ownership in the stock of the company (Barman, 2008). Performance ratios: Performance ratios are the part of financial analysis which evaluates the main financial figures of the company to reach over a conclusion about the performance of the company and the changes which are required to be done by the company to enhance its operations. These ratios are conducted by the stakeholders of the company to measure the worth of the company. Mainly, ROE, ROA, total assets/ ordinary equity and debt ratios are included in performance ratios. Return on assets (ROA): Return on assets is a display which explains about the total assets and the total profit connection (Breuer, Rieger and Soypak, 2014). It explains about the performance of the company. The return on assets of the company is as follows: A. Return on assets= NPAT/ total Assets 16601/196838 8.434% It explains that the return on assets of the company is 8.43% which explain about a good position of the company. Return on equity (ROE): Further, return on equity is a display which explains about the total equity and the total profit connection. It explains about the performance of the company. The return on equity of the company is as follows: B. Return on Equity= Net profit after tax/ ordinary equity 16601/145098 11.44% It explains that the return on equity of the company is 11.44% which explain about a good position of the company. Debt ratios: Further, debt ratio is a display which explains about the total equity and the total liability and their connection (Naser, Nuseibeh and Rashed, 2013). It explains about the performance and the position of the company. The debt ratio of the company is as follows: C. Debt Ratios = Total Liabilities/ total assets 51740/196838 26.29% It explains about the relationship among the capital structure of the company. Further, the below equation has been solved to evaluate the performance of the company which is as follows: EBIT / TA * NPAT / EBIT * TA/ OE = NPAT / OE (24288/196838)*(16601/24288)*(196838/145098)= (16601/145098) 11.44% 11.44% (Morningstar, 2018) TA/OE: TA/OE plays an important role in the performance and the position of the company. Through this report, it has been evaluated that the Total assets and the ordinary equity of the company has been impacted the return on assets and return on equity lot. It explains that the more the TA/ Te would be the more the ROA/ROE would be. TA/TE = (NPAT/ Total assets)/(NPAT/TE) TA/TE =Total assets/TE ROA and ROE: Further, the ROA and ROE has been analyzed and it has been found that the ROA of an organization is always lower than the ROE of the company. Further, the study over the ROA and ROE of the company explains that the ROA of the company is 8.43% and ROE of the company is 11.44% (Shao, Kwok and Guedhami, 2013). ROE is always greater due to a lower value of equity in the company than the total assets of the company because total assets are the combination of total liabilities and total equity of the company. Changes in stock price: Further, the stock prices of the company and the AORD have been compared with each other to evaluate the correlation among the prices. It explains that the stock prices of PEA are quite constant but the stock prices of AORD are quite fluctuating in nature. It explains that the correlation among both the stocks is high. The correlation of both the stock prices is 0.79 which explains that the stock prices of both the stocks impact over each other. Following graph explains about the relationship and correlation: Evalaution: The evalaution study over the PEA stock and AORD stock epxlains that the stock prices of AORD has more fluctation than the stock of PEA. It epxlains that the PEA dooes not iampct much over the stock prices of AORD. Further, it epxlains that the correlation among both the stocks is high (Zhang, 2012). The correlation of both the stock prices is 0.79 which explains that the stock prices of both the stocks impact over each other. Significant factors: Further, the study has been done over those factors which have impacted over the stock of the company. It would assist the company to evaluate that why the stock prices have been up in a while and down in other. This takes place due to various internal and external factors. Some of them are as follows: Significant management changes: In the month of march, 2016 the stock prices of the company has been 0.35 from 0.49 all of sudden and this has happened due to the changes in the management. Competitors impact: Further, the stock price of the company has been lowered so many times due to a bad position in the competitive market (Tucker, 2011). Analyst forecast: At the time of Oct, 2017, stock price of the company has been enhanced a lot and this has taken place due to an announcement about the better position and performance of entity. Law suits: Further, various law suits and their decision have also make an impacted over the performance of the company. Industry wide factors: Lastly, it has been found that industry factors also make an impact over the stock prices of the company. Calculation of CAPM and beta values: Beta: More, beta of PEA stocks has been calculated and it has been found that the beta of the company is 0.003 which explains that the systematic risk of the company is very lower. CAPM: Further, the CAPM calculations are as follows: Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) RF 4.00% RM 6.00% Beta 0.000297 Required rate of return 4.00% (Shao, Kwok and Guedhami, 2013) Explanation: Through the above study, it has been evaluated that the investment into this company is conservative as the risk and the return of this company are quite better, the risk of the company is just 0.003% whereas the return of the company is 44% which explains about a great position of the company and thus it is a good option for the purpose of investment. WACC calculations: WACC calculations of the company are as follows: Calculation of WACC Price Weight WACC Debt 23,901 0.17656 0.00618 Equity 1,11,472 0.82344 0.03294 1,35,373 Kd 3.91% Calculation of cost of debt Outstanding debt 23,901 interest rate 5% Tax rate 0.3 Kd 3.50% Calculation of cost of equity (CAPM) RF 4.00% RM 6.00% Beta 0.03% Required rate of return 4.00% Evaluation: The above calculations and the WACC measurement explains that the cost of debt of the company is 3.5% whereas the cost of equity of the company is 4% which explains that the total cost of capital of the company is 3.91%. This is due to high weight of equity of the company. It is suggested to the comapny to make an optimal capital structure and for that, it is requisite for the company to enhance the level of the debt. Debt ratios: Optimal capital structure: The capital structure of the company explains that the earlier, the debt ratio of the company was 29.62% but in current year, the level has been lowered and the capital structure of the company is 26.29% which must be enhanced by the company. The current capital structure of the company is not stable (Travlos, Trigeorgis and Vafeas, 2015). Following table explain about the debt ratio of the company: 2017 2016 A. Debt Ratios = Total Liabilities/ total assets Total Liabilities/ total assets 51740/196838 57597/194434 26.29% 29.62% Gearing ratios: Further, the gearing ratio of the company has been evaluated and it has been found that the gearing ratio of the company was 31.56% in 2016 and 28.17% in 2017. The gearing ratio has been changed and this has taken place due to high borrowings and less liabilities of the company. The directors have presented that they are working on optimal cash flows. 2017 2016 B. Gearing ratios = Total Liabilities/ Capital employed Total Liabilities/ Capital employed 51740/(196838-13154) 57597/(194434-11959) 28.17% 31.56% Dividend policy: Lastly, the dividend policy of the company has been evaluated and it has been found that the company follows the policy of relevant dividend policy which express that the dividends must be given by the entity to its stakeholders so that the investors could be attracted and the investment of the company could be enhanced (Baker and Weigand, 2015). The company has enhanced the dividend amount from $ 9187000 to $ 9246000 in 2017. It explains that the position and the performance of the company are way better (Naser, Nuseibeh and Rashed, 2013). Recommendation and Conclusion: Thus, through the above analysis and the calculations, it has been found that the position and the performance of the company is way better and it is a good option for the investors to invest into this comapny as teh associated risk is quite lower than the actual return of teh company. Further, it has been found that a good amount of dividend is offered by the company to its investors thus, the investors could invest into this company. References: Baker, H.K. and Weigand, R., 2015. Corporate dividend policy revisited.Managerial Finance,41(2), pp.126-144. Barman, G.P., 2008. An evaluation of how dividend policies impact on the share value of selected companies. Brealey, R., Myers, S.C. and Marcus, A.J., 2007.FundamentalsofCorporate Finance. Mc Graw Hill, New York. Breuer, W., Rieger, M.O. and Soypak, K.C., 2014. The behavioral foundations of corporate dividend policy a cross-country analysis.Journal of Banking Finance,42, pp.247-265. Naser, K., Nuseibeh, R. and Rashed, W., 2013. Managers' perception of dividend policy: Evidence from companies listed on Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange.Issues in Business Management and Economics,1(1), pp.001-012. Shao, L., Kwok, C.C. and Guedhami, O., 2013. DIVIDEND POLICY: BALANCING SHAREHOLDERS'AND CREDITORS'INTERESTS.Journal of Financial Research,36(1), pp.43-66. Travlos, N.G., Trigeorgis, L. and Vafeas, N., 2015. Shareholder wealth effects of dividend policy changes in an emerging stock market: The case of Cyprus. Tucker, J.W., 2011. Selection bias and econometric remedies in accounting and finance research. Zhang, D., 2012. Managerial dividend-paying incentives. Erasmus University Rotterdam. Annual report. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://www.pacificenergy.com.au/images/files/asx-announcements/2016/2PEAR2016Final.pdf Yahoo Finance. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/PEA.AX/history?period1=1451586600period2=1514745000interval=1dfilter=historyfrequency=1d Morningstar. 2017. Pacific Energy Limited. viewed Jan 22, 2018, https://financials.morningstar.com/cash-flow/cf.html?t=PEAregion=ausculture=en-US