Own role and responsiblities Essay

My role and responsibilities as a QCF assessor/ trainer for the Apprenticeship in Health Level 2 and 3 is to increase, or make communication easier among all learners, and encourage learners to discuss the topic chosen, assess various learning styles within the group and identify various teaching methods. Make sure that all learners have equal rights and safe learning environment where they are able to build a trusting and honest relationship. It is my responsibilities to keep updating myself with knowledge and developments within my area of specialisation. I regularly attend training workshops, courses including the CET. I follow my organisation’s code of conduct and constantly refer to its manual and update myself with legislations and policies. There are five stages in the learning cycle: Identifying Needs and Planning: My role is to initially assess the learners and find out their preferred learning style, using Fleming (2005) aural, visual and kinaesthetic definition in conjunction with Honey and Mumford (1992) learning style. I have taken in account any special needs and learners’ previous educational experience. I will plan the lessons in such a way that it reaches all the learners considering the needs of the organisation. Designing: My role is to take into consideration the length of the course and the number of sessions available and then plan and design the course in such a way that the syllabus is completed efficiently in the available time. I am responsible for designing different teaching methods to effectively deliver the course with the available resources and completing an assessment to make sure that message has reached all learners. Facilitating: I make sure that the course is adaptive and that the teaching methods and resources suited each lear ner’s needs. Make sure that there is equal teacher, learner involvement in each session, complete an assessment to test learners’ understanding and also to encourage them to clarify any  doubts regarding the session taught. Assessing: I assess the learners continuously throughout the teaching session, to make sure each learner gets involved and understands the lessons. Assessments can either a formal or an informal one which designed in a way that gives clear ideas of the learners’ understanding of the subject. I am responsible for the assessment to be valid and reliable, using the result to help the learner with any help needed to progress and improve their skills. Evaluating: All learners completed an evaluation form to find out the areas of strengths and weakness and I will the device methods to make the next session fruitful. Gravells (2011:7) explains â€Å"the teaching and learning cycle is so called as it starts at any stage and keep going.† However all stages must be addressed for teaching and learning to be effective. Within the organisation I work with internal and external providers such as: Skills for Health, Ofsted, City and Guilds, Professional teachers etc. which enable me t o fulfil my role as an assessor/ trainer. Questionnaire are given to learners which is used over the duration of the learning programme they are used during learners review to encourage them to feel safe in discussing any concerns they may have with the Safeguarding Team with the University Hospital of South Manchester (UHSM) NHS Trust. According to Invest in Health (2012) safeguarding accredited centres should ensure that all learners / tutors / assessors are aware of trust policies / procedures and how to access these. As teachers we have a wide authority in the class for maximising teaching effectiveness and influencing a positive learning environment, but of course there are limits to how far we can go when performing our duties. There are boundaries and limitations. It may become apparent that a learner may be having problems in completing the course due to academic or personal problems, learners will then be referred to the appropriate person for example; if a learner whose writing is difficult to read or showing sign of having dyslexic would then be refer to the Dyslexia Assessment service for a screening with the learner’s consent. Councillors are available for learners with personal problems and learning support staffs are available for learners who need support with their English and Mathematics. As a trainer/assessor, I will never attempt to express or enforce my own beliefs whether religious or political. I will comply with my organisation’s rules and policies. In cases such as problems with mentally impaired learners, I may seek expert advice  or refer the learner to a specialist instead of dealing with a problem in person. References Fleming, N (2005) Teaching and learning style: VARK strategies. Honolulu: Honolulu community college. Gravells, A (2011) Prepare to teach in the lifelong sector. 4th ed. Exeter: learning matters ltd. Honey, P and Mumford, A (1992) The manual of learning style 3rd ed. Maiden Head: Peter Honey Associate. Invest in Health (2012) Funding guidance version 3.0

Law on Obligation and Contracts Reviewer

CAUSES OF EXTINGUISHMENT OF OBLIGATION 1. Payment or performance 2. Loss of the thing due 3. Condonation or remission of the debt 4. Confusion or merger of rights of creditor and debtor 5. Compensation 6. Novation I – PAYMENT OR PERFORMANCE PAYMENT means not only the delivery of money but also the performance, in any other manner of an obligation. How must the payment be made? 1. There must be delivery of the thing or rendition of the service that was contemplated. a. The debtor of a thing cannot compel the creditor to accept a different one although the latter may be of the same value as, or more valuable than that which is due. . In obligation to do or not to do, an act or forbearance cannot be substituted by another act or forbearance against the creditor's will. c. In obligation to give generic thing whose quality and circumstance have not been stated, the creditor cannot demand a thing of superior quality neither can the debtor deliver a thing of inferior quality. The pur pose of the obligation must be taken into consideration. d. If the obligation is a monetary obligation, the payment must be in legal tender. 2. The payment or performance must be complete. Exceptions: 1. If the obligation has been substantially performed in good faith, the debtor may recover as though there had been complete fulfillment less damages suffered by the creditor. 2. When the creditor accepts the performance knowing its incompleteness or irregularity and without expressing any protest or objection. Who must make the payment? Payment must be made by the debtor who must possess the following: 1. the free disposal of the thing due; and – the property must not be subject of any claim by third person. 2. the capacity to alienate the thing. – debtor must not be incapable of giving consent otherwise the payment is void. Payment by a third person The creditor is not bound to accept payment or performance by a third person EXCEPT in the following cases: 1. when there is a stipulation to that effect 2. when the third person has an interest in the fulfillment of the obligation (example: guarantor) Rights of a third person who makes the payment a. payment with knowledge and consent of the debtor 1. third person can recover what he has paid from the debtor 2. third person is entitled to be subrogated in the rights of the creditor b. payment without the knowledge or against the will of the debtor 1. e can recover only insofar as the payment has been beneficial to the debtor 2. he is not entitled to subrogation Payment by a third person who does not want to be reimbursed -The payment shall be deemed to be donation which requires the debtor’s consent. To whom shall payment be made? 1. to the creditor 2. to the creditor’s successors in interest 3. to any person authorized to receive payment Paym ent to an unauthorized third person General Rule: Not valid Exceptions: 1. Payment has redounded to the benefit of the creditor; 2. Payment is made in good faith to a third person in possession of the credit. Where payment must be made? 1. If there is a stipulation, then in the place designated. 2. If there is no stipulation a. to give determinate thing – wherever the thing must be at the time the obligation was constituted. b. to give generic thing or an obligation to do – domicile of the debtor Special forms of payment 1. Dation in payment (Dacion en pago) – it is a special form of payment where the ownership of a property belonging to the debtor is transferred to his creditor to a debt in money. 2. Application of payment – it is the designation of the debt to which payment shall be applied when the debtor owes several debts in favor of the same creditor. Procedure: . the debtor is given the preferential right to apply the payment designates the debt to be paid. 2. if the debtor does not make the designation, the creditor makes it by indicating the debt being paid in his receipt. 3. if neither the debtor nor the creditor makes the designation or application: a. payment shall be applied to the debt which is the most onerous b. if the debts are the same – to all debts proportionately 3. Payment by cession – it is the abandonment or assignment by the debtor of all his property in favor of his creditors so that the latter may sell them and recover their claims out of the proceeds. Requisites: . there must be two or more creditors; 2. the debtor is insolvent; 3. the debtor abandons all his properties 4. the creditors accept the abandonment Note: The cession or assignment operates only to authorize the creditors to sell the debtor’s property, hence, ownership is not transferred to them. 4. Tender of payment and consignation Tender of payment is the act of the debtor of offering to his creditor what is due him. Consignation is the act of depositing the sum or thing due with the judicial authorities whenever the creditor refuses without just cause to accept the same, or in the cases when the creditor cannot accept it. Effect of consignation duly made -The debtor may ask the judge to order the cancellation of the obligation. The obligation shall be extinguished after the creditor has accepted the consignation or the judge has declared that the consignation has been properly made. When consignation, without a previous tender of payment, will produce the same effect: 1. the creditor is absent or unknown or does not appear at the place of payment. 2. the creditor is incapacitated to receive the payment at the time it is due. 3. when, without just cause, he refuses to give receipt. 4. two or more persons claim the same right to collect. II – LOSS OF THE THING DUE A. Concept A thing is considered lost when it perishes, or goes out of commerce, or disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown or cannot be recovered. B. Effect on the obligation 1. Loss of a determinate thing General Rule: obligation is extinguished. Exceptions: a. when the loss is due to the fault of the debtor. b. when the debtor has incurred in delay. c. when so provided by law. (ex. The debtor promised to deliver the same thing to two or more persons who do not have the same interest. ) d. when it is stipulated by the parties. e. hen the nature of the obligation requires the assumption of risk. 2. Loss of a generic thing – the loss of destruction of anything of the same kind does not extinguished the obligation. C. Creditor’s right if the loss is caused by a third person – if the obligation has been extinguished by the loss of the thing, the creditor shall have all the rights of action which the debtor may have a gainst third persons by reason of the loss. III – CONDONATION OR REMISSION OF DEBT A. Concept Condonation or remission is the gratuitous abandonment by the creditor of his right. In plain language, this refers to the forgiveness of indebtedness. To extinguish the obligation, it requires the debtor’s consent. B. Kinds of condonation or remission 1. as to the amount or extent a. Total – when the total obligation is remitted. b. Partial – when only part of the obligation, or only the accessory obligation is remitted. 2. as to form a. Express – one made orally or in writing. b. Implied – one inferred from the conduct of the parties. C. Effect of condonation or remission 1. The remission of the principal debt extinguishes the accessory obligation. 2. the remission of the accessory obligation does not carry with it that of the principal debt. IV – CONFUSION OR MERGER A. Concept Confusion or merger is the meeting in one person the qualities or the character of creditor and debtor. B. Effect of merger when there is guarantor 1. Merger which takes place in the principal debtor or creditor benefits the guarantors. Both the principal obligation and the guaranty are extinguished. 2. Merger which takes place in the person of the guarantor does not extinguish the obligation, only the guaranty is extinguished. V- COMPENSATION A. Concept Compensation is a mode of extinguishing an obligation when two persons, in their own right, are debtors and creditors of each other. B. Kinds of compensation 1. as to amount or extent a. Total – when the debts are of the same amount. b. Partial – when the debts are of different amount. 2. as to cause or origin a. legal – it takes place by operation of law and extinguishes both debts to the concurrent amount even though the debts are payable at different places and the creditors and debtors are not aware of the compensation. Requisites: 1. That each one of the obligors be bound principally, and that he be at the same time a principal creditor of the other. 2. That both debts consist in a sum of money or if the things due are consumable, they be of the same kind, and also of the same quality if the latter has been stated. . That the two debts are due. 4. That both debts be liquidated and demandable b. Voluntary or conventional redemption – takes place by agreement of the parties, such as when they agree to the compensation of debts which are not yet due. c. Judicial – compensation ordered by the court. d. Facultative – compensa tion that may be claimed or opposed by one of the parties (such as when not all the requisites for legal compensation cannot take place) VI – NOVATION A. Concept It is the modification or extinguishment of an obligation by another, either by: a. changing the object or principal condition; b. ubstituting the person of the debtor; or c. subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor. B. Requisites of novation 1. there must be a previous valid obligation. 2. there must be an agreement between the parties to modify or extinguish the obligation. 3. the extinguishment of the old obligation. 4. the validity of the new obligation. C. Kinds of novation 1. as to object or purpose a. Real or objective – novation by changing the object or principal condition. b. Personal or subjective – novation by change of the parties (debtor or creditor). a) substituting the person of the debtor (always with the creditor’s consent) 1. Expromision – third person initiates the substitution and assumes the obligation even without the knowledge or against the will of the debtor) 2. Delegacion – debtor initiates the substitution, which requires the consent of all parties (original debtor, creditor and new debtor) b) Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor. Kinds of Subrogation 1. Conventional subrogation – change of creditor by the agreement of the parties. 2. Legal subrogation – subrogation by operation of law. 3. Mixed subrogation – change of object and parties to the obligation. 2. as to form a. Express – novation declared in unequivocal terms. b. Implied – when the old and new obligation are on every point incompatible with each other. 3. as to extent a. Total – the old obligation is totally extinguished. b. Partial – the old obligation still remains in force except as it has been modified. D. Effect if new obligation is void If the new obligation is void, the novation is void. In such case, the original one shall subsist. E. Effect if original obligation is void The novation is void if the original obligation is void. If the original obligation is void, there is no obligation to extinguish since it is non-existent.

Response to Coments on DQ1 Hunt and DQ2 Smith Essay

Response to Coments on DQ1 Hunt and DQ2 Smith - Essay Example The majority of accountants have a very high sense of moral and ethical standards. â€Å"Ethics in accounting is of the utmost importance to the accounting professional and those who rely on their services (Enotes, 2011). The academic community should stress more the importance of ethics in business. All courses should teach applications of business ethics in relation to the material being taught. DQ2 In your response you mentioned that investors use financial information to make decisions whether to buy or sell stocks. Common stocks are a very common type of investment, but there are other financial instruments that are traded on the open marketplace. In the money market corporate bonds are often sold by corporations in order to raise money. There are other instruments such as mutual funds which reduce the overall risk associated with the investment. It is true that both investors and creditors need financial information, but I believe that this information is more important for le nders than for investors. Lenders deal with billions of dollars in debt. In the recent global financial crisis we saw how volatile the financial system can be. The banks in the United States received the largest governmental bailout in the United States history. On October 2008 the US Senate passed a $700 billion bank bailout package (Amadeo, 2011). References Amadeo, K. (2011).

McCarthy, Murrow and the Use of Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McCarthy, Murrow and the Use of Media - Essay Example The spirit of the era facilitated the task and made McCarthy’s allegation against the regulation of supporting rebellious actions very efficient. His fight against the Communism in the United States influenced the life of American people and even now its influence is present in the American society. McCarthy accused the government in being â€Å"riddled with card-carrying members of the Communist Party†.1 The political career of Joseph McCarthy ended after 1954. The main goal of the given work is to show that it was the media that made the career of McCarthy and it was also the media that finally destroyed it. The role of the media in McCarthyism creation The famous speech of Joseph McCarthy given on February 9, 1950 made a good start for McCarthyism mainly because it impressed the media. According to Bayley (1981) the speech â€Å"has been the subject of more speculation, argument, and investigation than almost anything he said in the next five years†.2 The medi a, maybe against its wish and due to its carelessness, helped a lot and made a perfect start for era of McCarthyism. The consequences this event had turned into the difficult period in the history of media. The speech given by McCarthy contained much lie, however, journalists published it without any verification. The facts presented in the speech were not only false, they were absurd: â€Å"Why wouldn't he read some of the names on the list, if he had a list? If he had a list where on earth would he have got it? Who would have given it to him? The FBI? The State Department? Why? Could he have worked it up himself?†.3 The reporters who published this speech did not care about these issues, notwithstanding that it was their straight responsibility to check the information before publishing. Many experts consider press even to be responsible for the period when American citizens were misled. Not only printing but also television was successfully used by the shrewd senator. With the help of TV he easily penetrated homes of American citizens. Bayley (1981) points out: â€Å"McCarthy's rise to national prominence coincided with the explosive growth of television in the United States†.4 However, here McCarthy made a mistake: he did not take into account the fact that TV program can’t be corrected or edited and thus it may lead to his breakdown that finally happened. The media and the default of McCarthy The troubles of McCarthy started when he attacked the presidents, notwithstanding that Harry Truman was successfully defeated by him. McCarthy accused Truman in sympathy towards Communists and this fact was negatively treated by the American citizens. The party of Republicans was the next to win with Dwight Eisenhower as a leader. Unfortunately, it was not enough for the McCarthy to have a position of the head of Senate, thus he decided to compromise Eisenhower. McCarthy used press to accuse Eisenhower in being sympathetic to the Communist. 5 Eis enhower gave a speech in response but McCarthy was so self-assured that he answered Eisenhower on TV even not knowing the content of president’s speech. Joseph McCarthy did not know how mature the president was and accused him again but then it appeared that Eisenhower even did not even mention the name of the scandal senator in his speech. According to Reston, the speech of the president was a "note on the principals that should govern the relations between the legislature and the executive under the US

Modern Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modern Japan - Essay Example According to Prindle (1989) "[t]he stories expose the internal mechanisms of business transactions and the mentality of the people involved, making technical information accessible to a lay audience and convincing even to economists." (qtd in The Japanese Business Novel). Arai Shinya is the executive vice president of Summit Inc., and director of Sumitomo Corporation who is popular under the pen name of Satoshi Azuchi writing Japanese business novel, one of which is the popular Tales of a Shoshoman. Shinya related that the Tales of Shoshoman "begins with a story of a Japanese businessman who commits suicide because he failed to be promoted when his peers in his company were promoted" (qtd in The Japanese Business Novel). The novel illustrates the traditional aspects of the Japanese society and preserved these traditions by means of these types of novels. The novel reveals the values of Japanese "salary man" (The Japanese Business Novel) with high regard to his work and dedicated to his organization, with preserved value of loyalty and devotion which allows the world to have knowledge of the Japanese nature in which ways the traditional Japanese culture in business is upheld. In another novel authored by Norma Field, "In the Realm of a Dying Emperor" tells of three separate tales woven together with intentions for a greater purpose. The novel successfully pointed the struggles of Japan of its past as it faces the twentieth century in the end of war. The novel attempted to reveal a glimpse of hope to recover from injuries brought about by the imperialist rule. Each tale in the novel depicts of a true Japanese value in each character which is struggling from atrocities and Western pressure. The character of the supermarket owner burning the flag of the Rising Sun illustrated the value of braving to fight for dignity over the struggles of an Okinawan to escape the memories of the bitter past. In the review of Steve Edwards he acknowledged the research done by Field which was a strong point rather than a personal conviction which revealed that "Many Okinawans continue to feel objectionable towards the emperor system for the incidents there during World War Tw o The Rising Sun flag is a prime example of the rape and pillaging of countries across Asia during World War Two. These citizens also feel the flag represents a part of their history they would like to leave behind and obstructs them from completely Surname 3 whitewashing the entire issue away." (Edwards, Steve). In another tale tells the story of an ordinary woman protesting the emperor rule because of "deification" of her husband who died and enshrined "as a way to pass on the ritual of dying for the emperor" (Edwards, Steve). In this story the constitutional practices under the hybrid system is criticized. The defiant character of the ordinary woman is a typical character of the Japanese when principles are laid shaken. The final tale in the novel tells the story of the "mayor" who strongly defied against the emperor rule whose character suggested that the emperor was responsible for the atrocities during the war. In line with such grand accusations, the

Marx and Engels 1848 Communist Manifesto and Marshall Bermans 1982 Essay

Marx and Engels 1848 Communist Manifesto and Marshall Bermans 1982 text on Marx and Modernization - Essay Example This paper illustrates that through an inspiration gathered from The Communist Manifesto, Berman refers to the social and political aspects of modernity as â€Å"a unity of disunity†. Therefore, Berman tends to illustrate that modernity makes individual to be in a constant state of constant struggle and incongruity, disintegration and renewal, as well as uncertainty and anguish. Equally, this can be identified whereby Marx uses the phrase â€Å"all that is solid melts into air†, to describe the concept of modernity. As such, Berman tries to use the perpetual experiences of ‘disintegration and renewal’ to point out both the advantages and dangers associated with the modern social life. As such, not only does Berman tries to demonstrate how the structure of domination and power have taken over modernity, but he also describes the existence of prevailing political changes that are essential in the attainment of an effective modern life. Despite the fact that B erman solely relies on The Communist Manifesto as his main theoretic manuscript to illustrate modernity, there are several important inferences that his work presents that should not be overlooked. Notably important, Berman outlines an important factor for modernity by presenting an all-encompassing and dialectical understanding of the efforts and impulses by acting as ‘the developer.’ As the developer, Berman anticipates discovering both the most creative and destructive possibilities of the modern social life. Thus, for Berman, there are several factors such as demographic transformations, scientific discoveries, mass movements, and industrial upheavals among others that generate modernity. As such, Berman tends to use these socioeconomic factors, together with the changing capitalistic markets as the factors that are responsible for driving change and bringing modernity.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Sociology - Essay Example As they reach the â€Å"third age† bracket, it is noted that they tend to concentrate more on their family life (i.e. their children and grandchildren). Though others may still prefer career growth, there is a notable change of priorities among people of the â€Å"third age†. In one of the interviews conducted, the subject is quite fulfilled with the social interactions that she experiences at home that she gives more emphasis on the benefits (i.e. joys, respect and getting her mind sharp) that she gains from her children and grandchildren than the â€Å"nagging pains† that keep her at home. People among the â€Å"third age† could also have the same needs and/or drives of improving business and keeping ahead of competition just as people in the mid-30s do, but more so is their urgency to find time with their famililes (e.g. going on long trips with wife and kids). Indeed, older people have the capacity to shape their life stages and cultural spaces (i.e. l ife stages, new norms, new communities) [3] and they can do it incredibly

The superior brand strength of Sainsburys Essay

The superior brand strength of Sainsburys - Essay Example ng Group and the Great Place to Work Steering Group, two inter-dependent research and strategy teams chaired by board members that contribute to the branding model and corporate social responsibility model that brings Sainsbury positive market attention (Sainsbury 2011). These Steering Groups add a new dimension of focus on the governance model, whereby executives and mid-tier managers are involved in establishing policies, models and procedures to enhance brand attitude and personality in important markets. The knowledge and experience brought to the governance model by brand and CSR-related steering groups continues to provide Sainsbury with significant competitive advantages. All branding activities, then, rest on the foundation of revolutionary governance systems. According to the Board of Directors at the organisation, â€Å"We are guided by a ‘materiality’ process which allows us to focus attention on areas of greatest impact and importance. We chart all related s ustainability issues against the level of potential concern and how much the issue could affect our business. (Sainsbury 2011, p.15). The corporate governance team is much more directly involved in brand-related activities critical to market competitiveness and reputation on the consumer markets. Sainsbury understands that the majority of revenues and long-term loyalty needed to sustain market share is involved with promoting internal corporate values and then applying these in a way that is transparent to the consumer in product offerings, CSR activities, and service delivery systems. Rather than allowing managers at the organisation to develop appropriate policies and systems associated with marketing and operations, they are determined by knowledge experts with considerable commercial and business... The brand dimensions of Sainsbury are being discussed in the essay. Sainsbury maintains a revolutionary corporate governance model in which brand-building is a consistent theme in deliberations and strategic analyses of the Board of Directors. Sainsbury is known in important revenue-building markets for its focus on corporate social responsibility, a comparative advantage not found in industry competition. Sainsbury has also received many reputable and important awards for exceeding industry norms in many different areas. Furthermore, the method by which Sainsbury expands its operations is another success factor related to the brand strength of the business. Also related to corporate social responsibility and brand reputation is the level of sponsorship that Sainsbury seeks out to gain more market visibility. As we read the essay, a question rises up. What else provides Sainsbury with brand advantages? Sainsbury is beginning to diversify its product offerings, expanding from simply f ood services to other consumer-based merchandising imperatives. Though Sainsbury is involved in many additional strategic activities related to the brand, the most important dimensions of marketing strategies have been identified. The conclusion shows that Sainsbury is one of the only competitors in this industry that is so highly dedicated to expressing its corporate values for responsible business management, thus it gives Sainsbury a much better brand reputation with critical revenue-producing consumers.

Students` Satisfaction with Online Courses Research Paper

Students` Satisfaction with Online Courses - Research Paper Example and is there a correlation between the frequency of student and instructor interaction and student’s satisfaction of online courses? A quantitative research will be conducted to answer these questions. The research affirms that there is a direct correlation between the frequency of student-Instructor interaction and students’ satisfaction in online courses. Keywords: nursing, students’ satisfaction, online/e-learning. Section 1 Background of the Study The effects and influences of rapid technological developments permeate all facets of human interactions in contemporary society. It continues to redefine and reshape the manner in which society addresses issues and concerns relevant to its contemporary condition. In this regard, the landscape of education is undergoing a radical transformation as new technologies emerge (Skiba, Connors and Jeffries, 2008). In effect, one of the most obvious changes happening is the democratization of learning (Dolence and Norris, 1 995). Information technology enables people to access to knowledge and information available anytime, while at the same time, allowing for learning services to be provided by non-traditional learning institutions (Skiba et al., 2008). As such, developments in information technology create new paradigms in the content of knowledge, knowledge management and knowledge acquisition (Norris, 1995). This context creates an impetus for education in general and nursing education in particular to adapt to the demands of technological changes as education continues its evolution and become globalised (Skiba et al., 2008; Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard, 2004). In addition, the demand for the integration of information technology in nursing education is not only driven by technological developments, but it is also motivated by the increasing demand for nurses to have competence in information technology as it is necessary in the efficient discharge and management of care services to the patients (Mitchell et al., 2007). However, online/e-learning is not only about placing the modules and lectures in the web or conducting lectures through web (Murray, 2003). It requires the consideration of many factors such as information technology experience both of the teacher and students, socio-economic status, learning styles, teaching styles, skills and confidence in using information technology, technical support and other similar concerns (Cragg et al., 2003; Mitchell et al., 2007; Smith, 2002). In this regard, e- learning is a complex evolution in nursing education. As such, understanding nursing student’s satisfaction in online/e-learning may provide an opportunity to enhance both the nursing education and nursing practice. Purpose of the Study The primary purpose of this study is to gain information regarding students’ satisfaction in on-line courses in Nursing. This study is motivated by the intention of developing of online courses that are responsive not only t o the challenges of technology to nursing education, but also to the demands of technology to the nursing profession. Likewise, the study can help in determining the effectiveness of online courses from students’ perspective through knowing their satisfaction with the online courses. As such, opening the possibility for the meeting between technology and advantages of technology in healthcare, this until now, seems to be obscure (Booth et

Wegman's Supermarkets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wegman's Supermarkets - Essay Example This makes it easy for the supermarket personnel know their various roles and responsibilities. Owing to its fewer layers of leadership, it also gives employees an idea of who to answer to (Berkun 78). Because projects are carried out within one department, it is easier for the unit to supervise the whole project. Departments are given the autonomy to determine the project targets and are, therefore, able to exercise complete control on the outcome of these projects. Berkun argues that enables the various projects to be designed according to departmental needs (78). In addition, the feeling of having absolute control over projects encourages creativity and offers a favorable work environment (Kloppenborg 103). Research indicates that decisions can be made quicker when people share similar perspectives than when they differ fundamentally. This model, therefore, leads to faster decisions and leaves little room for antagonism since the decisions are always made by an authoritative figure at Wegman’s supermarkets. Because this model clusters people of similar professions and ideals together, it encourages free communication between them. This leads to knowledge and skill sharing among the supermarket’s staff (Kloppenborg 104). Rather than spend unnecessarily on expensive capacity building workshops, the supermarket uses its experienced senior managers and supervisors to offer apprenticeship trainings to the less experienced employees. This leads to a more comprehensive and solid project execution. Wegman’s Supermarkets follow a functional structure because it gives the other team members a definite and clear corporate ladder for the supermarket’s employees to pursue. Because project managers are mostly drawn from a pool of experts in various domains, these managers are exceptionally gifted in their fields and this makes it easy for them

The Bhagavad Gita Essay Example for Free

The Bhagavad Gita Essay An individual should perform his duty even if such performance is imperfect rather than performing some other person’s duty with perfection. Each individual has unique abilities and characteristics. These qualities are termed as the swabhava or nature of that individual person. Moreover, the form of his external life is based on his swabhava which ultimately becomes his swadharma. The normal life of humans and their duties are based on their samskara or behavior and their karma or fate. The Swabhava and swadharma of humans are the consequence of their deeds in their previous births, which are naturally bestowed upon them, and determine their present status. They constitute the inner nature of humans which is known as their prakriti (Bhagavad Gita Commentary, Swami Nirmalananda Giri). The Bhagavad Gita teaches the ways and means of attaining freedom from earthly desires and material issues. However, in order to attain such freedom one should not forsake the performance of one’s fundamental duties or swadharma. One should try to attain the divine freedom, while performing one’s duties without any deviation and with complete dedication. The central theme of the Bhagavad Gita states that an individual shall perform his bounden duty without seeking the result that comes from performing that duty. This is essential for purifying the heart. This is a very important requirement to attain liberation or Moksha. The Bhagavad Gita consists of the teachings of Lord Krishna to prince Arjuna during the battle of Kurukshetra (Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita, Swami Swarupananda). Lord Krishna specified three principal paths for humans. These are the Path of Action or Karma Marga, the Path of Knowledge or the Dhyana Marga, and the Path of Devotion or the Bhakthi Marga. Any one of these paths lead the aspirant to God, and are meant for achieving divinity and moksha. The Bhagavad Gita was granted by God, and it was stated by Lord Krishna that human birth was an invaluable. Accordingly, a human being should utilize this birth to attain liberation. Therefore, every human being must attempt to reach God and to attain moksha, in this birth itself. Consequently, humans should refrain from the earthly desires and develop detachment for worldly matters (BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA ). He motivated Prince Arjuna to perform his duty without any indecisiveness. He also exhorted Arjuna to discharge his duty as a Kshatriya or member of the warrior caste, in other words He directed Arjuna to follow the Dharma of a Kshatriya. This constitutes the swadharma of an individual, which directs that person to attain moksha. Although one has performed one’s duty imperfectly, it is deemed to have been performed. One should not perform another person’s duty, as this constitutes a sin, irrespective of the perfection attained while doing so. Thus, swadharma has been given greater prominence in the Bhagavad Gita (Verse 46, Chapter XVIII. The Bhagavada Gita). According to it, one should not abandon one’s swadharma, which is both internal as well as external. The internal variety of swadharma is perceived by the performer, while the external swadharma is enjoined upon a person by the society in which the performer lives. Moreover, the Varnasrama Dharma or caste system, establishes the swadharma of an individual. As such, the temperament and attainments of a person derive from that person’s parents; hence, birth plays an important role in determining the swadharma of a person. This is borne out by the science of genetics. It is mandatory for human beings to perform their swadharma. Children inherit the qualities of their parents, and these constitute their swadharma (SWADHARMA). Attraction towards material issues implies that a person is deviating from the right path. Worldly matters bind humans to several births and deaths. Those who are attached to them will have to born again and again. This cycle of births and deaths continues till the person detaches himself from worldly matters. The Lord declares that humans have to surrender the fruit of their actions to Him, if they wish to reach Him. One must refrain from desires as they generate anger on being unfulfilled. Anger in turn, results in jealousy. Therefore, desires are the root cause for all evils. The quintessence of the Bhagavad Gita lies in the understanding that a person’s existence is principally in order to perform one’s duty or karma. Therefore, all the persons on earth are under a duty to perform the karma that falls to their lot; and while doing so they have to follow the principles of dharma or righteousness. One should uphold dharma and preserve it. It is the most important thing to remember, that while performing karma one should not await the result. What is required is surrender of the result of the action to God. This is clearly stated in the hymn Narayanayethi Samarpayame, which connotes that everything is to be surrendered to Lord Narayana, the ultimate and the supreme (BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA ). The Bhagavad Gita says that one should perform one’s duty without anticipating the fruits of the results and without attachment. Performance of duty with detachment is an easy way to reach the ultimate goal of life, moksha. It is the only scripture that proclaims the philosophy of Karma Yoga. This philosophy was not described anywhere, prior to the Bhagavad Gita. Karma Yoga is devotion without selfishness. The Bhagavad Gita described it in a simple and beautiful manner; and it had been expounded by Lord Krishna, who had upheld the notion of unselfish devotion for the common good of all. He had stated that altruism was the ultimate worship and ultimate spiritual reality. The practice of altruism bestows grace upon the practitioner, and subsequently, it develops into faith, which is the only way to witness the absolute truth. An individual would be elevated mentally if he helps others. This is an immediate effect of helping others, and such an individual would achieve perfection in all matters. The intellect and senses of a person are responsible for attachments and detachments towards material things and material issues. Therefore, the senses must be controlled and no one should fall prey to their wiles. The intellect and the senses act as barriers to spiritual development and the attainment of divinity. Consequently, one should be devoid of them to attain self – realization. Self – analysis is based on the intuition and intellect of the people. Thus, people should develop their intellect and intuition. Meditation is the only means for developing intuition and intellect. The former is a powerful method of yoga practice or yoga sadhana, which guides people and helps them to succeed in their attempt to attain moksha. Individuals must discover their swabhava by practicing swadharma, which engenders peace and harmony in their lives (Bhagavad Gita Commentary, Swami Nirmalananda Giri). People should ascertain their swadharma through their intellect. Self – analysis, or self – introspection are instrumental in perceiving one’s swadharma. This method is termed as swadhyaya, which had been propounded by Maharishi Patanjali in his great work The Yoga Sutras. Self – analysis is the only method to determine the duties of humans. The best way to achieve such self – analysis is by practicing yoga, which is an important component of Hindu tradition and which allows people to lead a meaningful life (Bhagavad Gita Commentary, Swami Nirmalananda Giri). Works Cited BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE BHAGAVAD GITA . 14 June 2008. 15 September 2008 http://groups. yahoo. com/group/gita-talk/message/1353. Bhagavad Gita Commentary, Swami Nirmalananda Giri. 15 September 2008 http://www. atmajyoti. org/hi_gita_commentary_30. asp. Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita, Swami Swarupananda. 1909. 15 September 2008 http://sacred-texts. com/hin/sbg/sbg03. htm. SWADHARMA. 03 February 2006. 15 September 2008 http://www. advaita-vedanta. org/archives/advaita-l/2006-February/037531. html. Verse 46, Chapter XVIII. The Bhagavada Gita. n. d.

Anaesthetic care

Anaesthetic care In the following text I the author will provide an account of the anaesthetic care given to a paediatric patient in my care during a surgical procedure to repair her cleft palate. I will discuss the rationale behind the chosen anaesthetic technique and will analyse why the method was identified as the most suitable backing the findings up with related literature. The text will explore the care given to the patient and the preparation needed to ensure a safe procedure starting from the pre-assessment visit right to the anaesthetic room looking at the roles of some of the multi disciplinary team members involved in the childs care. An episode of care for any individual patient is a complex series of interactions that make up the process of care. The recipient of this anaesthetic care is an 8-month-old female, who, as patient confidentiality forbids the use of her real name (NMC 2002a) shall be known as Eve. Eve was born at 41 weeks gestation, during a routine prenatal scan at 23 weeks gestation an abnormality of her facial structure was noted, her parents were informed of this and counselling and advice was offered. The extent of the abnormality was not seen until Eve was born. She was born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, which is were there is a single cleft of the lip, and the hard, and soft palate are also divided (Shprintzen and Bardach 1995) but was otherwise fit and well. In accordance to Watson et al 2001 clefts of the lip and palate may be isolated deformities or may be a part of a syndrome. Eve has not been diagnosed with a syndrome there for this is an isolated deformity. Watson (2001) suggests that non-syndromic clefts are multi-factorial in origin and could occur due to gene involvement, various environmental factors or embryo development in relation the mothers life choices during pregnancy i.e. excessive alcohol, drug abuse etc. Eve had previously undergone the first stage of the surgery, which was a repair to her cleft lip. This is done between the ages of two and four months within our trust. This is mainly due to cosmetic reasons but also to encourage oral feeding and sucking and to encourage the tissues to grow at the same rate as the childs facial structure (Watson Et al, 2001). Eve was admitted to hospital the day prior to her surgery. Eves mother had requested this rather than attending pre-admission clinic as she had problems with transportation to the hospital. This highlights good communication (Department of Health, 2003) between the nursing staff and Eves mother, which is of benefit to both the child and the familys needs (Clayton, 2000). The Department of Health (1989) states that the welfare of the child is paramount, however Smith and Daughtrey (2000) believe that it is also important to ensure that parental needs are also met. Wong (1999), states that good family centred care is considerate of all family members needs and not only the needs of the child. The initial assessment of Eve involved her primary nurse, Eve and her mother Joanne. The cleft palate pathway was used as assessment aid and highlighted any needs that Eve and her family had. The anaesthetist (Dr A) then examined Eve and was able to explain the procedure to Eves mother. This meeting with Dr A provided Eves mother with both verbal and written information therefore equipping the family with knowledge and support (Summerton, 1998). During Dr As visit she was able to assess Eves physical and mental condition ensuring that it would be safe to administer a general anaesthetic. During this assessment Dr A was able to request that routine blood samples were taken including cross match in case Eve should need a blood transfusion due to high blood loss during the procedure. She was able to read the operation notes from Eves previous visit making notes of the ET tube size used, the analgesia given, there amounts and if they had the given effects on Eves pain relief and do an assessment of Eves airway. Dr A was aware that Eve would have a difficult airway due to her cleft palate and the fact that her mother reports of her snoring whilst asleep, however she is also aware that assessment of this can be difficult due to Eve being uncooperative or asleep and that most tests used in adult practice including the mallampati scoring system are not validated for use in the paediatric population and are not really useful in the y ounger child (Sumner and Hatch, 1999). She was able to discuss the proposed anaesthetic and pain relief techniques and pre warn eves mother about the monitoring that she may see being used on eve in both the anaesthetic and recovery rooms. Dr A also discussed the use of premeditation such as madazalam with Joanne, it was decided that Eve would not have this as rendering her semi or fully unconscious with a respiratory depressant drug can become hazardous due to Eves cleft palate as her tongue may fall backwards and obstruct her already compromised airway (Sasada, M and Smith, S.2003). All information obtained during the pre assessment by Dr A should and was relayed to the operation department practioner (ODP) who was working alongside her during the case, ensuring that all equipment needed was readily available as and when needed. As Morton (1997) states the motto â€Å"Be Prepared† is a very important principle in anaesthesia. If things were to go wrong during the anaesthesia, intervention must be immediate to avoid harm to the patient; therefore preparation and the checking of equipment and drugs are vital. At the start of each case careful attention to detail is required when setting up the work area. The anaesthetic machine both in the anaesthetic room and in side theatre must be checked in accordance with The Association of Anaesthetists guidelines (Appendix 1) and the manufactures guidelines, and all equipment required must be gathered. There seems to be no set guidelines stating the exact equipment needed so the anaesthetist and the ODP must work together and decide for themselves what they need. â€Å"The success of a paediatric procedure depends not only on the skill and knowledge of the anaesthetist, but also on the possession and utilisation of the proper equipment† (Bell.1991.pg81) Bell (1991) offers the Pre-Anaesthesia Checklist: SCOMLADI that may help towards the selection of equipment: SCOMLADI is a mnemonic for Suction Circuit Oxygen Monitors Laryngoscope handle and blades Airway oral, nasal, ETT, +/- LMA Drugs: Intravenous drips (Bell, 1991.) In Eves case the pieces of equipment that were made available were: Suction, this can be a vital piece of equipment during anaesthesia. This is due to the fact that it can remove gubbings that may cause airway obstruction quickly ensuring the safety of the unconscious patient, although great care must be taken when using suction on an oral wound to ensure no further damage or trauma to the repaired area (Stoddart and Lauder, 2004) Circuit, the Jackson Rees modification of the Ayres t-piece is the main choice as it was designing for paediatric use and it is said to decrease the resistance to breathing by eliminating valves and decreases the amount of dead space in the circuit. Oxygen, this is readily available on the anaesthetic machine. The oxygen is delivered to the machine via a pipeline from the hospital stores. There must also be a full cylinder on the machine for use in case of a malfunction of the pipeline supply. This must be checked during the machine check. Monitors and monitoring aids. Some of the important aids are: Pulse oximeter, this gives a continuous reading of the oxygen saturation in the blood via a fingertip sensor. Although extremely reliable the probes may not pick up a good trace if the patient is cold of has a poor peripheral perfusion. ECG, This provides us with the information of the heart rate and rhythm. This is a valuable aid in detecting bradycardia and arrhythmias in paediatric patients. Blood pressure (bp), the most common way to measure Bp is by using a cuff this is known as non-invasive. Parameters are set on the monitoring console to enable the cuff to inflate and record the patients blood pressure at regular intervals. Arterial Bp can be measured via a cannula placed in an artery, which attaches to a transducer, this is known as invasive monitoring and can give continuous readings. In Eves case a cuff was used in accordance to Dr As wishes. Capnography This is attached to the breathing circuit and analyses the gas mixture. The monitor displays the concentration of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and volatile agents. This information is useful for assessing the adequacy in ventilation and the depth of anaesthesia. The presence of carbon dioxide on the reading confirms that the ET tube is in the right place (Morton, 1997). Temperature Infants lose heat very quickly and there ability to maintain their own temperature is blocked by the anaesthetic (Kumar, 1998). A naso/oesophageal probe is placed in Eves nostril instead of her mouth, as that is where the surgery is taking place. There is other methods of monitoring available such as blood gases, central venous pressure, neuro muscular transmission etc but in Eves case these would only be used if Dr A requested them. Laryngoscope and blade, the different choices of blades are due to the variation in the anatomy found in small infants and children, this is due to the fact that a childs larynx lies higher and more interiorly in the neck and there epiglottis is longer and thinner than adults (Watson, 2001). The use of different size and shape blades is down to the anaesthetists personal choice Dr A prefers to use a lateral approach with a straight blade such as a Magill (Morton.1997). Dr A also likes to have a piece of rolled up gauze filling the cleft to ensure that the blade does not get caught in the deep cleft. The difficult intubations trolley is also essential this is because there is a large selection of different blades, handles, bougies and airways such as cut/uncut endotracheal tubes, guidell airways, laryngeal masks and face masks which are all available on hand. Airways, A selection of pre-formed south facing, uncut and reinforced endotracheal tubes. The size of which can be calculated by using a formula (age / 4 + 4.5 = estimated tube size) or by the childs weight (Morton, 1997). Eve should take a 4.0mm tube but it was noted on her last anaesthetic sheet that a 3.5mm tube was used with a gauze pack insitu due to her different anatomy. Drugs, There are many different types of anaesthetic drugs available such as Volatile induction agents (Gas), Intravenous induction agents, muscle relaxants, reversal agents, anti emetics, local anaesthesia and analgesics. All of which have the own pros and cons for using them. Dr A has chosen to use the volatile agent Sevoflurane in order to initially anaesthetise Eve this is due to the fact that Eves Venous access is poor due to her being a â€Å"podgy† baby. Sevoflurane is the least pungent and irritant of the volatiles and rivals many of the other inhalation induction agents for children. Eve was induced with oxygen, nitrous oxide and 8% sevoflurane, her airway was difficult to maintain due to her tongue being large in relation to her oral cavity which is normal in infants (Wong, 1999) therefore a size 1 guedel airway was used in order to keep the tongue from causing an obstruction. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen, nitrous oxide and isoflurane another of the volatil e agents also used within paediatrics with the feeling that this is mainly due to the low cost. Eve also had an infusion of the opioid remi-fentinal. Intra-Venous (IV), IV access was gained when an adequate depth of anaesthesia was reached and endoteacheal intubation was achieved. In total four IV lines were inserted, one to administer IV drugs such as anti emetics, anti biotics and IV pain relief etc. another for the IV infusion of Remi fentinal pain relief. Another for the maintenance fluids and the last on as a spare of to use if blood products are needed. Fluid therapy is important in both adults and children due to the fact that they have been nil by mouth for many hours before there procedure in accordance to hospital guidelines. IV fluids are given as maintenance to preserve hydration, to compensate fluid/electrolyte defects as a result of fasting and also to replace ongoing loss due to evaporation and surgical bleeding (Wong, 1999). As well as the preparation of the anaesthetic room the ODP must also ensure that all equipment needed inside theatre and during the procedure is available such as an operating table that is in good working order, a cleft palate mattress to ensure the correct positioning of Eve, a warming blanket to ensure temperature maintenance and a jelly mat to protect from pressure area sores (Kumar, 1998). It is also the ODPs responsibility along with Dr A to ensure that Eve is transferred in to theatre and on the to operating table safely, that all monitoring equipment is transferred to the inside machines and that all IV therapy equipment is connected before the surgeon preps and drapes the patient as this helps towards maintaining the sterile field around the patient. Throughout the surgery it is seen as best practice for the ODP to remain within close proximity to the patient and anaesthetist in case there is a problem (Kumar, 1998), one such problem noted in Eves case was that when the surgeon inserted the gag needed to keep Eves mouth open he unintentionally moved the position of the ET tube causing a drop in her O2 saturations. Dr A listened to Eves chest with a stethoscope whilst hand ventilating her, this enable her to reposition the ET tube back in to the correct position. Once back in the right place more tape was applied, and the tube was fastened in more securely. If Dr A was unable to just reposition the tube she would have had to remove the tube and reintubate Eve, this means that she would have needed a new Et tube the laryngoscope and blade, maybe a face mask in order to pre oxygenate before re intubation. This is the main reason why all intubation equipment used in the anaesthetic room must follow with the patient into theatre. Whilst in theatre a mechanical ventilator is use in order to ventilate Eve. The Newfield 200 is the vent used within this trust it works by intermittently occluding the expiratory limb of the t-piece and is able to compensate for any leaks around the tube. The ventilator can be adjusted in accordance to Dr As request meeting Eves needs by changing the pressures and times needed. Ventilation was once carried out purely by squeezing the bag by hand; leaving the anaesthetist with just one hand to do other important things such as administer medication or record information, meaning that the Newfield 200 is the preferred method of ventilation in recent times (Sumner and Hatch, 1999). Following the procedure Dr A stopped the infusion of Remi Fentinal and turned off the volatile gas this was to help with the waking up procedure and the safe extubation of Eve. Dr A also ensured that the pack inserted at the beginning was removed safely without causing trauma. Extubation should take place when the patient is fully conscious with there protective reflexes fully intact (Sumner and Hatch, 1999), this is even more important in Eves case due to the nature of her surgery as there could be excessive bleeding or oedema due to the trauma of the oral surgery causing more obstruction to her airway. Although suction should be available during extubation it is noted that large suction catheters such as a yanker should not be used and suction kept to a minimum this is to lower the risk of airway obstruction caused by trauma or by disruption of the surgical repair site. Eves was extubated safely and was transferred to the recovery room with out the need of ICU or HDU intervention. There she was given o2 and monitored by trained recovery staff until they were satisfied that she was able to maintain her own airway and o2 saturations, there was no or minimal blood loss from the wound site and she was pain free. Dr A had prescribed Eve with analgesics to be given back on the ward if needed, this was to ensure that she had a pain free recovery preventing her from getting upset and crying which can encourage the healing process of the wound and maintaining her patient airway. The process of Eves anaesthetic ran a smooth cause. She remained safe throughout the procedure. Great care and planning by both Dr A and the ODP ensured that all events that may have occurred were well prepared for.

Judith Beheading Holofernes

Judith Beheading Holofernes Kimberly Boatman   Judith Beheading Holofernes was made by a Baroque artist by the name of Artemisia Gentileschi.   Artemisias version of the painting was made in 1620, in Florence, the original painting was made by Caravaggio a friend of the family. Caravaggios version was based on an old biblical story that he had created in 159, in Rome. In comparison with these two artists it is obvious that Artemisias version is perfected and more in depth than Caravaggios. In her version you can depict the actual struggle the assistant and her had to go through in order to hold Holofernes down. She shows the depth of the blood not only gushing out but leaking to where the sheets are absorbing the blood. Gentileschis showed how intense the task was by rolling up her sleeves and not being afraid to accomplish stabbing the sword through his neck. In his version he depicts a fragile young women with her servant assisting her and her face looks like she cant stomach what she has done. It doesnt look like she had to put up much fight with Holofernes it appeared to be an easy task for her. Artemisia had developed her artistic ways from her father, Orazio Gentileschi. Gentileschis father recognized that his daughters painting skills had outgrown what he could have ever taught her. Once he noticed she had outgrown the basic techniques he reached out to a close friend by the name of Agostino Tassi. According to the Brooklyn Museum, Tassi had raped Artemisia in 1612 and was put through a long and hard trial. He refused to marry her which pushed her dad to have him exiled from Rome although, it never happened. She talked about how she struggled with him and her effort to try and stab him with a knife. She claimed that her chaperone had arranged for the two to be alone and that she had abandoned her basically let it happen. After the trial was over her father Orazio arranged for her to be married and she was moved to Florence from Rome.   She married an artist by the name of Pierantonio Stiattesi who was a painter in Florence and she also earned the support of the patronag e Cosimo II who was known as the Medici duke. She then became one of the first women to attend the Academy of Art in the city of Florence and continued her dream of being an artist. Judith Beheading Holofernes paintings stormed from the famous story in period when art, music and theater was popular in the Baroque period. Judith during this period was considered a symbol of church and was often compared to Mary. Artemisias version was a little more personal although she tried following the lines of the biblical paintings. Artemisias stand point was often looked at on how she would get revenge from the rape concluding she tried attacking him with a knife. The other artists took the stand point of the courage, power and beauty behind the old tale and tried to depict it as the eye would see it. Artemisia does tie herself into the painting which proves that she tried making the painting about her. In the painting Judith is wearing a bracelet with the goddess named Artemis depicted on the ovals. She wasnt only just influenced by the work she watched her father create or the famous painter Caravaggio that she had admired so dearly. This painting was associated with som ething bad that had happened to her and it was hard trying to balance the two out. Artemisia throughout her lifetime had paintings that represented women that had suffered and came out of the situation stronger. She was one of the only well-known female artist in her time so I feel like she spent a lot of time trying to prove that women are just as good as a man.   In this painting she depicted her struggles and the way she created his piece of art proved that she had overcame what she had once been. When she first published this painting she was criticized and her reputation was ruined because people assisted with the trial with Tassi. The painting aims at ones emotions, its almost as you can feel the pain that Artemisia had went through that influenced her to paint this image. Judith seems calm in this photo while shes beheading Holofernes almost as if she showing a sense of justice and courage it took to get there. Her paintings represent violence that women had experienced for centuries, she converts not only her experiences to a painting but other womens as well. The message that Artemisias is trying to convey to her audience its okay to go through trials and tribulations in life, its just you who determines the outcome of the situation. Gentileschis version of Judith Beheading Holofernes has a different emotional appeal that makes it stand out compared to Caravaggios biblical version. The depth of the painting is beautifully created from the colors used, the shading and the emotional connection from her personal experiences to relating it to others. This painting represents the power that women have and it can easily over power man when outraged. The painting is now in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence, Italy and it still strikes viewers with emotion and awe at the skill that it took to create this image.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawain Green Knight Essay

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight tells the tale of one of King Arthur’s bravest and noblest knights, Sir Gawain. The author spins this magical tale of heroism and adventure over the course of one year. During this year, the hero Sir Gawain undergoes a serious alteration of character. When Bertilak enters King Arthur’s court as the mysterious green knight, he sets Sir Gawain’s destiny in motion. Change, especially spiritual transformation, is a common thread running through the poem. The poet depicts Bertilak as somewhat Godlike, and Bertilak plays a significant role in Sir Gawain’s spiritual transformation, through which he becomes more like Christ. Bertilak first introduces himself by making an astonishing entrance into King Arthur’s court. The poet describes the appearance of the Green Knight thus: â€Å"†¦There hurtles in at the hall-door an unknown rider, / One the greatest on ground in growth of his frame: / †¦Half a giant on earth I hold him to be† (l. 136-140). His forcefulness and size are the aspects of him that the poet first describes; however, the fact that the huge knight is entirely green from head to toe amazes the court more. The author notes that, â€Å"Great wonder grew in hall / At his hue most strange to see, / For man and gear and all / Were green as green could be† (l. 147-150). The color green here may symbolize spiritual growth, although green sometimes suggests evil in literature. The Green Knight was especially fascinating because his physical appearance, as well as his apparent immortality demonstrated that he had supernatural qualities, and therefore was not entirely of this world. Throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the poet port... ... depicted Bertilak, sometimes the Green Knight, with Godlike characteristics and supernatural qualities. At different times in the poem, Bertilak represents the wise, just, godly master of the castle, and is sometimes transformed into the mystical Green Knight. Both characters are essential for Sir Gawain’s transformation, which Bertilak manipulates freely. In a Christ-like sacrifice, Sir Gawain learns of his weaknesses, and experiences the process of spiritual absolution. In this poem, Bertilak, whom the author has granted supernatural characteristics, facilitates Sir Gawain’s spiritual journey for truth and complete transformation. Works Cited â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. Ed. Alfred David, James Simpson. Vol. A. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.: 2006. 3 vols. 162-213.

The Life and Sensibility of Jane Austen :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Life and Sensibility of Jane Austen        Ã‚   Jane Austen has often been considered a woman who led a narrow, inhibited life and who rarely traveled. These assertions are far from the truth. Jane Austen traveled more than most women of her time and was quite involved in the lives of her brothers, so much that it often interfered with her writing. Like most writers, Jane drew on her experiences and her dreams for the future and incorporated them into her writing. Her characters reflect the people around her; the main characters reflect parts of herself. In Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Mansfield Park, Elinor Dashwood, Elizabeth Bennet, and Fanny Price all reflect aspects of Jane Austen and dreams she had that were never fulfilled.    Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, the sixth of seven children, to a rector and his wife. Jane was raised among books and began reading and writing at an early age. Her brother Henry said "her reading started very early," and it was difficult to say "at what age she was not intimately acquainted with the merits and defects of the best essays and novels in the English language" (Tomalin 67). Her earliest works date to age twelve, although she most likely wrote pieces before then. Her family often read Shakespeare together in the evenings. Her mother enjoyed writing verse and often wrote poetry to celebrate happy occasions. Jane grew up with an appreciation for writing and literature.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biographies about Jane Austen describe the facts of her life in a step-by-step manner. They tend to be repetitive since she did not leave behind a rich fabric of day-to-day life. Yet Jane Austen is known not because of the factual details of her life; she is not remembered two hundred years after her death because she had six siblings and was a wonderful aunt to her nieces and nephews. Rather, Jane Austen is remembered because of what she wrote, her "ouvre." Only through reading her literature does one get a taste of the real Jane Austen, the Jane Austen who dreamed and made plans for the future that failed to materialize. Therefore, I have attempted to describe the life of Jane Austen by interpreting her novels and picking three main characters who I feel most closely serve as her alter ego. A writer writes from his or her own experiences; only by analyzing Jane Austen's characters do we get an understanding of the true author.

Abandoning Satan Essay -- Essays Papers

Abandoning Satan In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, the author employ’s several different themes to suggest a tone of tragedy. Those include abandonment, tragic flaw, and the punishment exceeds the crime. The two main characters, Victor Frankenstein and his monster, are deemed as tragic heroes in Shelly’s novel. Webster defines a hero as â€Å"a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life.† Frankenstein and his monster each have their own levels of tragedy. Shelly also supplies each character with flaws and imperfections. The punishments for creating the monster are greatly harsher than the crime of creating it. Abandonment is the first main theme in the novel. Abandonment is defined as â€Å"to give up completely and to desert†(Webster 1). Both Frankenstein and his creation go through several different episodes of abandonment. Frankenstein abandons his family, his creation, and his homeland. The monster abandons his non-evil state of mind, and then society. Young Victor abandons his monster because of its wretchedness. What began as a man ends up a mockery, and a â€Å"hideous being of gigantic structure†(Tropp 62). Victor barely even thinks twice about leaving his creation. The shear ugliness of it took over all thought of whether it could be good or evil or if it needed anything. The monster had â€Å"no father [to watch his] infant days† and, â€Å"no mother to bless [him] with smiles†(87). The monster was a â€Å"poor, helpless, miserable wretch,† with no one to turn to (72). When the creation woke up Victor instantly left the building. T he creator never saw his creation after that until he was detained by it. The creation was left to â€Å"struggle with a child’s blindness, added to a student’s thirst for knowledge† (23). Frankenstein’s next episode of abandonment tears him away from his family. Victor leaves home to go study at college. In the mean time his family and his beloved Elizabeth got left out of his priorities. He wished to exert â€Å"his own selfhood† over others (Walling 45). Frankenstein, â€Å"so deeply engraved in [his] occupation,† never ceased to think about his family. He thought only of himself and how to command the powers of life as he worked so diligently on his creation and studies. He misses seven years of his family’s life in consequence to his actions. ... ...to be destroyed by it (Tropp 56). Frankenstein shows to depart from â€Å" his dream of becoming godlike in direct proportion to his failure to love† his family and his work (Walling 45). The monster has flaws man cannot have or posses. The monster is demonic and Satan-like. He is the â€Å"monstrous double of Lucifer† (Tropp 68). The monster turned from archangel to arch destroyer. â€Å"In Paradise lost, after the meeting a Pandemonium, Satan decides to fly to earth and inspect gods latest creation. Taking the form of a cormorant, he perches on a tree in Eden and secretly observes Adam and Eve in the garden. After the monster has left the shepherd’s hut, traveled to a village, and been driven out in a hail of stones, it hides in a hovel where it can secretly observe the lines of a noble family reduced to poverty† (Tropp 72-73). This passage tells how the life of Satan and the monster are parallel. When the monster â€Å"reflected that they had spurned and deserted me anger returned† (101). Satan feels the same type of torment as he spies on Adam and Eve. The interplay of Frankenstein/Monster is somewhat like the relationship between Lucifer/Satan.

Tyler Perry’s the Family That Preys

This is a good family movie that can show the viewer’s how some people prey on one another. This movie reminded me of the times my brother and I didn’t get along. It shows how different families are and how they treat one another. Sadly this movie also shows how family members can be so cold blooded. This movie duplicates real life situations where innocent People get hurt, family loyalty gets divided and couples end up in divorce. This movie is centered on two main couples and a few supporting characters. Chris & Andrea This couple is different than most in many ways. Andrea, the wife character is all about money and power and thinks only about herself. Chris is a hard working husband who works as a construction worker for Cartwright inc. the same company his wife works for. Chris and Andrea were right out of college when they married. As time goes on, you can see that neither Chris nor Andrea lived their life for the lord, both allowed themselves to become too busy to go to church. Chris still hung onto his morals remaining a faithful husband and a loving father. However Andrea, unlike Chris was flirting from the day they got married with Mr. Cartwright who became their boss. During the four years of their marriage she was getting large bonuses for carrying on an affair with Mr. Cartwright. These three characters obviously live without God and do things of a secular nature in their life. I think Chris and Andrea could have had a blessed marriage and a good life had they let God lead them. Andrea behind her husband Chris’s back is hiding the money that Mr. Cartwright has been giving her over the years. Chris while at the bank one day finds out that his wife Andrea has a separate account with 286. 00. 00. This is example is a lesson on trust within a marriage. This couple is shown to be the opposite of Chris and Andrea. Ben and Pam are loving and close, they work on their marriage and communicate and often talk about â€Å"GOD†. They have traditional values and both work hard for their money and the things they have. Ben, like Chris is a hard working construction employee for the Cartwright’s. Ben’s wife Pam work for her mother Alice at the family business, a place called â€Å"a  wing and a prayer diner. Pam is a good supportive wife to Ben and she works hard and has great respect for her mother. Pam is a faithful devoted wife to her husband Ben. They have problems of their own, both work long hours laboring hard with little pay but, they trust in the Lord to solve their problems and see them through. Their marriage and their life shows they have deep faith and are grateful for what blessing they have, and you can see that they are satisfied. Alice & Charlotte These are the two mothers of the movie. Alice is the mother of two daughters â€Å"Pam†, â€Å"Andrea†. At one point you see Alice and Pam talking to Andrea when Chris confronts her about the money in the account and he learns of her affair with William Cartwright, her mother and sister try to explain that nothing good can come out of hurting others. Andrea believes that because of her affair William loves her and will leave his wife and choose a life with her. Her mother Alice warns her that he won’t leave his wife and wonders out loud where she went so wrong with Andrea. Charlotte, who is mostly called Mrs. Cartwright, is the mother of William Cartwright, the son that is having the affair with Andrea. Alice tries to live right and goes to church and choir practice and carries her Bible with her everywhere she goes. Through the movie Alice and her daughter Pam are shown helping out this down and out man whose name is Nick. They provide him with clean clothes, free meals and a place to wash up. When asked by her daughter why they do this for this man, Alice reminds her daughter Pam â€Å"You Never When You Might Be Entertaining an Angel†. Charlotte, Mrs. Cartwright finds out she has a problem that the doctor tell her about. The doctors tell her she had early onset â€Å"Alzheimer’s†. Without sharing her health information she asks Alice to take a trip across the United States heading west. She buys a 1959 Cadillac to drive on the trip. She wants to feel alive and have fun before the Alzheimer’s sets in. They travel through many states during their trip. While it’s her turn to drive Alice stops by a river and encourages Charlotte to get saved by being baptized in a river. Charlotte stops by a bar and has fun drinking and dancing, but Alice being a Christian doesn’t want anything to do with that stuff. The trip ends when Charlotte has an episode and Alice learns she has Alzheimer’s and wants to go home. While away Charlotte’s son William tries to stab his mother in the back and retire her early from her own company. This is a sad example of power and money being a priority more than family love and loyalty. William is definitely controlled by the secular world. Charlotte has a surprise her friend Alice has been buying stock from Nick, who although is now going through a rough time once was a stock investor for Cartwright’s inc. and William fired him. Nick, Pam and Alice attend a board meeting, the very same one William is using to try and retire his own mother. Alice announces that with Nick and Alice’s share she has again controlling interest and fires her back stabbing son William. Pam learns at this meeting in a round- about way that her mother Alice who is hard working isn’t poor but actually a millionaire. It sadly shows Charlotte near the end of the movie taking her medication out of the bathroom cabinet and we gather that she takes an overdose as the movie shows Alice crying and it goes to Charlotte’s funeral. Alice being a true friend she toughs it out and sings at her friend’s funeral a song about â€Å"if given a chance to sit it out or dance, I hope you dance. † This movie brought a lot of stuff to my attention that had gone on in my family growing up. Alice had two daughters that didn’t see eye to eye on anything. It made me stop and think about how my brother and I were with our mother. This movie held so much feeling in it offering the viewer a wide range of emotions. I think if more families would sit together and watch many of Tyler Perry’s movies they would get a great deal of family value out of them. Not only does Tyler Perry make movies for entertainment and enjoyment he can take a viewer to the heart of the real issue. I have watched a lot of Tyler’s movies but this hits home for me because it uses things like â€Å"Secular Humanism†, â€Å"Suffering†, and turning your back on a loved one like a evil person. I could pick up on many of the world’s issues today, in this movie. This movie meant so much to me personally I had to share it with my family. I stopped to think about the suffering some families go through in life trying to get ahead and how sometimes it’s because they step on one another to do it, like William trying to retire his mother behind her back. What happened to the old days when people like Alice and Pam were raised to do for those less fortunate than you, even if they might be your own family. When did the world become so self centered, selfish and uncaring of humanity like Andrea. I really relate to what Alice shared with her daughter Pam, â€Å"you never know when you could be entertaining an Angel. It might be a stranger or it could even be a member of your family, you should be respectful and considerate of all people. I wish more of the families today could go back to the time when families really cared for each other. More and more of today’s family members help one another only to expect something in return or they use it against you. It hurts when I look at what has happened to familyâ₠¬â„¢s values today. In many families kids have no respect for their parents, brother and Sisters fight sometimes carrying it on for years. I see how people today don’t care about feelings or what will happen to the other person. People of today are all about getting that almighty dollar, they let their lives and attitudes be obsessed with money. Many people, like some of the characters in this movie think that the more money you have the more power you will have. Andrea in this movie was snooty and acted as if she was so much better than her sister or her mother, William assumed that because Charlotte was his mother and he was her son that he would one day be the leader of her company like she owed the position to him. If more people would read and live by the â€Å"Bible† families would have less trouble than they have. God and prayer have to be the foundation for a family to be and remain close, loving and respectful of each other. Those that choose to live for God think and act more righteously, out of their love and respect for God comes love and respect for others. I was raised very old fashioned where families were families and you cared, loved, and watched out for each other. I have seen a lot people say that they are helping their family are there staying with them.

ESmith Assignment 10: National and Global Finance Essay

(16.0 points) 1. Choose an example of a type of new company you could start, and then use this company idea to answer the questions below. You might choose a pet store, a restaurant, a tutoring business, or something else. This can be the same type of company you chose in assignment 8 or 9, or it can be different. a. Describe the type of business you chose. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) * The type of business I would start would be for family or friends gatherings. This business would be place people come to eat and social, a nice, warm environment. b. Describe at least two ways in which the local, state, or federal government would have an impact on your business. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) * Whether businesses owners know it or not, but the government create laws and regulation to protect the business. Two ways the government would have an impact on my business is by setting a price ceiling and price floor. These both determines whether or not my items is too high or low for its’ good. 2. Describe at least one advantage and one disadvantage of price ceilings and price floors. Do you think price ceilings and floors are more helpful or more harmful to consumers and the economy? Explain. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) * One advantage of price ceilings is that it helps the consumers to have a chance to buy products, and stop producers of taking advantage of such a catastrophe. The disadvantage between this price ceiling and the common ones is that the price ceiling is set on the equilibrium before the catastrophe and not under the equilibrium. 3. Describe at least two negative outcomes of having too little money and credit in the economy. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) * It would cause a scarcity of currency, leading to rapid deflation, and also, overproduction of goods means major markets would plummet in value, outbalancing demand, leading to major losses for the producers. 4. Describe at least two negative outcomes of having too much money and credit in the economy. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) * Negative effects of inflation include an increase in the opportunity cost of holding money, uncertainty over future inflation which may discourage investment and savings, and if inflation is rapid enough, shortages of goods as consumers begin hoarding out of concern that prices will increase in the future. 5. Which Fed tool do you think is most important, and why? (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) * The most important job the Fed has is to manage the nation’s money and the overall economy. Controlling the inflation rate and maintaining employment and production aren’t easy tasks. The Fed has to have some pretty hefty tools up its sleeve in order to influence the economy of an entire country — especially one the size of the United States. 6. Choose one of the following government agencies or laws: FTC, EPA, FDA, CPSC, OSHA, FLSA, EEOC, ADA, SEC, or Affirmative Action. Search online to learn more about the agency or law, and then describe three specific things the law or agency accomplishes. Make sure the information comes from a trustworthy website. Include a link to the website in your answer. (3-6 sentences. 1.5 points) * The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a U.S. agency responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FSMA/ucm247559.htm 7. Describe at least two products that are commonly imported into the United States. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) * Products that are commonly imported in the United States are oil, cars, and clothes. These products are very important to humanity. 8. Describe at least two products that are commonly exported from the United States to other countries. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) * Products that are commonly exported from the United States are things such as medicines,  aircrafts, and cars. These are products are also important to humanity of different countries. 9. Why does the U.S. government encourage U.S. companies to sell their products in other countries? Explain how this helps the U.S. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) * So companies can increase company revenue and be able to dominate international markets in order to establish more stores and spread product around. A good example is McDonalds, they are everywhere. This helps the US because in revenue allows a company to keep its base in the US, increase the national gross product, drive consumer activity, keep jobs, and increase the export business, which goes along with jobs. 10. Find the value of one U.S. dollar in a foreign currency. You might choose the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Canadian dollar, or another currency. List the type of currency and the current value of the U.S. dollar in that country. (1.0 points) TIP: http://www.google.com/finance/converter is a good resource for foreign currency information. * Here is a good resource for foreign currency information.. 1 USD = 0.7650 EURO ; 1 USD = 83.1800 JPY ; 1 USD = 0.9846 CAD 11. Describe at least three exchange rate factors that are likely to attract foreign investors to a country’s currency. Explain why these factors are attractive for foreign investors. (3-6 sentences. 3.0 points) * Exchange rates are prices that are determined by supply and demand. For some countries the exchange rate is the single most important price in the economy because it determines the international balance of payments. Although no model has been consistent in predicting short-term foreign exchange rate behavior, there are several major concepts that play a role in determining the long-term behavior of foreign exchange rates. The first concept is based on the idea that the current price of an asset reflects all available information; and therefore, only unexpected events cause exchange rates.

Customer Experience

Customer experience is practically the complete make up of a client’s transaction over the internet. It is the general span of a customer’s behavior on how he perceives the products and services, how much he avails of these commodities and how he reacts passively to the presented info on the company’s websites. One more approach to regard customer experience can be pointed out in the way clients tend to integrate their objectives in the overall product presentation of the business entity. Apparently, Web companies are very concerned about the customer experience principles because these factors readily provide the big picture of the firm’s performance. The main reason is that when they provide better customer experience they tend to retain their existing clients instead of acquiring new ones. Add to that that the advertising mileage benefits if a client’s customer   experience is good as being considered in â€Å"customer advocacy† of promotion to their fellow consumers (Allen, 2005). This is true since they consider losing a client to a competitor is just a click away. In the modern age of internet commerce, there are different types of data that online companies use to evaluate their respective customer experience magnitudes. One example is by collecting data which reflects the shopping activities of consumers. Another form of data being collected by Web firms is the kind of activities visitors do in their Web pages. These data can help evaluate the overall behavior of the clients while inside the company’s domain. Most shopping websites use software to track the actual inventory of their products as reflected by the number of purchases done online. One more data value being used by Web firms is in the aspect of passive customer satisfaction after sales. Some companies conduct small but efficient surveys in order to track the progress of the company whether it actually retains old customer, increase their numbers or losses them. These surveys are being presented through non-spam e-mails or ready to use platforms in the company’s web page. The new sets of technologies available today for customer experience development are almost always in the platform of computer software. Since Web companies do their transactions online, the only possible way to promote good customer experience is to provide clients with Web interface functions for their convenience. For example, the software SAP AG of TeaLeaf is being used by U.S. Airways to detect typographical errors in order entry. This helps the customers provide accurate data for ticket dispensing. Another example is by introducing do-it-yourself features in customized purchasing. The satisfaction of a client may now be tracked using ForeSee and iPerceptions platforms by asking survey questions from them. One more type of technology is the one that empowers customers to find answers through built-in search parameters like â€Å"FAQ† (Frequently Asked Questions) link. Kana Software makes it possible to increase the level of search hits of a customer who needs a quick answer to an inquiry. In summary, the Web firms are insinuating that their previous goals to enhance customer experience are actually paving the way for a more beneficial result in terms of their performance. With the technology and techniques in customized marketing, they have been experiencing a complete growth of sales and service requests from old and new customers. The US Airways ticketing sales have doubled while BasePro increased its revenue by 10% due to customized e-mail ads for its clients. They are now measuring success by considering how much of the customers are still doing business with them as well as how other clients are being drawn towards their Websites due to new technology make ups. References Allen, J., Reichheld, F., Hamilton, B. 2005. The Three â€Å"Ds† of Customer Experience. Working Knowledge-Harvard Business School. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from

Designing a training programme for supervisor skills at Primark Essay

Type of training and how long will the training take? (on the job or off the job) Shadowing/demonstration/coaching/external or internal course 1 hour/1/2 day/ 5 days? Provider of training and Location Sales floor/store training room/Primark head office/College/Distance course. Internal training. Who will carry out? HR manager/training manager Description of training content What will the you do /learn during the training Cost of the training Physical cost of external course/cost of paying salary to trainee whilst not doing their job role/providing cover whilst trainee is on course/travel expenses – train tickets to London if going on a head office course What will the training allow me to achieve? What skills will you have learnt? How will it assist you in being successful in your new role? Why is this skill important? Consequences Shadowing for 1 hour Sales floor watching experienced supervisor complete rota Organisation of staff rota, including breaks and lunches. Watch the supervisor complete her daily rota and then complete own rota and discuss with mentor to get feedback on how to improve it No direct costs however, Primark will still need to pay us both our  £8.50 an hour salary despite the fact that both the experienced Supervisor and I will be less productive during the training. This may impact on customer service as we won’t be available to help customers during the hours training . The training may disrupt other members of staff and reduce overall productivity of the department I will be able to complete the daily staff rota ensuring all staff get the breaks and lunches they are entitled to with minimal disruption to customer service Key feature in the job description of a supervisor. Failure to complete this correctly may mean that staff do not get the correct breaks and may become demotivated and lower their productivity as a result which will trigger a fall in customer satisfaction and potentially sales and profit Demonstration for 20 minutes Shown on the sales floor by an experienced supervisor . Whilst walking around look at the trends , most common sizes and the popular items . The ability to see when a specific product is in high demand and inform head office that more stock needs to be ordered. Listening to retail sales assistants when they tell you a product is in high demand . There are no direct costs. Although the experienced supervisor and I will need to be paid  £2.52 for the 20 minutes . I will be less productive during the training, this may impact customer service as I will be too busy to help out customers. The training may disrupt other members of staff and reduce overall productivity of the department The ability to spot trends , and items that are selling out. The ability to order in new stock . Failure in ordering a high demand products would mean Primark would miss out on an opportunity to make a profit . Failure is ordering any stock means that that Primark wouldn’t have any stock to sell and the customers would go else where. 1 day off job training completing the Impact Factory Customer service course Training by Impact Factory in London. I will be taught on how to give the best customer service and be more confident with employees. Dealing with customer complaints in the most appropriate way . Talking to unsatisfied customers and seeing what they can do to help and make sure this doesn’t happen next time.  £21.10 for the ticket to London. A whole day’s pay at  £7.57 an hour for 9 hours which is  £68.13. Although it’s more expensive than getting another supervisor to do the training , the training will be a lot more formal and I will take it more seriously . The course costs  £450. I will be trained by an expert in customer service . Although resentfulness amongst other members of staff who haven’t been chosen to attend the course and become demotivated and less efficient as a result. The overall cost will be  £539.23 . I will learn how to give good customer service , deal with rude/difficult customers , advance my listening/ responding skills, make the customers point of view work for me, gain confidence in giving customer service and handling complaints with empathy/ efficiency. A good retail supervisor needs to deal with customer complaints appropriately . This is because the supervisor will be the face of the branch and if they give a bad impression , there could be a drop in customers. The customers could go to competitors with better customer service. On the job training doing 20 minutes coaching and a 10 minutes session a week later. On the sales floor at a off-peak time with HR manager Learning how to use the supervisor function on the till to be able to give customers returns / change / cancel orders. No direct costs but both the HR manager and I will need to get paid . Although because this session is short, there will be a lot of time to do more productive things. The training may disrupt other members of staff and reduce overall productivity of the department. Customers may receive poor customer service such as long wait times at tills even though it is at off-peak time which would Lower sales. HR manager will need to be paid  £10 for the 30 minutes. I will need to be paid  £3.79 for the 30 minutes. The HR manager’s journey from London will cost  £21.10. The overall cost is  £34.89. I will learn how to use the supervisor function on the till , be able to give customer returns / change and cancel orders. As I have practiced at different times, I am now very clear on how to use the supervisor function on the till . This means in peak time if a customer needs a return I can quickly use the function on the till without holding up a long queue . This means the customers will be happier as they don’t have to wait a long time and I can go do more productive things. If I was unable to do this Primark would get a reputation for poor customer service and customers would go to competitors , which would lower sales. Off the job training for 30 minutes doing Job shadowing . 30 minutes observation On the sales floor with an experienced supervisor Ensuring that the sales floor is always kept clean, the shelves are fully stocked with products and there’s no clothes on the floor. In prime time the retail sales assistant are aware how to work in the peak times including the holidays and Saturdays . There are no direct costs but I will be paid  £7.57 for the hour and so will the experienced supervisor. I will not being my job during this training session meaning a loss of productivity . I may disrupt other employees and reduce the overall productivity of the department. Customers may have to wait longer on the tills / fitting rooms as I will be unable to help them, which would lower sales. The overall cost would be  £15.14 . I will be able to deal with the sales floor at its prime time. Through observation I can be told what my weaknesses are and how I can improve on them. If I wasn’t able to manage the store at prime the customers would be left waiting unreasonable times for the tills/ fitting rooms . They would eventually get annoyed and leave to go to a competitor, meaning a loss in sales. The employees would become demotivated as they are constantly having to work in a hectic unorganised environment and may leave. If an employee leaves Primark would have to pay for the recruitment costs for the next employee. Off the job training in London doing a leadership course – 1 day course In London being taught about leadership by CIPD Making sure all the retail sales assistants are working efficiently . Motivating all the retail sales assistants to do their work to the best of their ability . This means carrying out appraisals and dealing with any performance issues appropriately . The course costs  £545 . I will have to be paid for the full day at  £7.57 which is  £68.13 . I will have to pay for a peak return ticket to London for  £21.10 . The overall cost will be  £634.23. I will be unable to any of my tasks , therefore there will be a loss in productivity. There will be Resentfulness amongst other members of staff who haven’t been chosen to attend the course and become demotivated and less efficient as a result. I will learn which leadership characteristics I need to develop , be able to select motivational ideas with the most potential to motivate and engage the retail assistants . I will be able to motivate the retail sales assistants . Therefore they will be able to give good customer service which means happy customers , they will come more frequently . This will build a better image for Primark. If I was not able to motivate employees, they would eventually find a different job. Demotivated employees give bad customer service so the customers would get annoyed and go to competitors. Once the employee leaves , more will leave increasing the staff turnover which would make it less appealing to work for Primark . Recruitment costs are also very high and this would need to be paid for. Off the job training interview skills course In London with an interviewing expert . Working alongside Human resources manager to co interview potential candidates for the role of retail sales assistant. A ticket to London is  £21.10 . I would have to be paid for the full day at  £7.57 an hour , which is  £68.13 overall . The course costs  £30 . The overall cost is  £119.23. The setting will be more formal and I will take it more seriously . There will be a loss of productivity as I will not be there for the whole day to do my job. There may be resentfulness amongst other members of staff who haven’t been chosen to attend the course and become demotivated and less efficient as a result. I will learn: the equality act 2010 , the cost of recruitment and staff turnover, the causes of poor recruitment, strategies for effective recruitment practice, the stages of recruitment, how to design a job description and person profile, how to analyse application forms and cvs , and interview techniques . I will be able to make sure when I interview a candidate for the role of retail sales assistant I will do it in the best way possible . I will be able to choose the most suitable candidate . I will be able to make sure the candidate is not discriminated against and therefore save costs and the reputation of Primark. If I was unable to interview a candidate appropriately I could ask a question that breaks the equality 2010. This would give Primark a bad reputation and they would be fined. In house training for the 3 Hours The HR manager in a meeting room Providing induction training for new retail sales assistants and making them feel welcome and at ease. No direct costs but I and the HR manager will need to be paid for the 3 hours. The HR manager will get paid  £60 and I will get paid  £22.71. The train journey from London to this Primark branch will need to be paid for which is  £21.10. The overall cost would be  £108.31. Me and the HR manager will not be productive for those 3 hours . The training may disrupt other members of staff and decrease productivity over the whole department. Customers may receive poor customer service as I will be unable to help them. I will be able to provide suitable training for the new retail sales assistants . I will educate employees about the effective use of technology ,ensure that Primark has the competitive edge, promote health and safety, create opportunities for career development and personal growth, helps employees comply with laws and regulations and improve productivity. This is important because this means the employees will give good customer service . If I trained the employees incorrectly they could decide to leave or they could injure themselves because I didn’t mention a health and safety rule. This would mean an employee would be harmed and Primark would have broken the health and safety act and could face fines. If the employees are trained badly they could give poor customer service which would drive the customers away to the competitors , which would lower sales.